ICT - Changing the System of a Video Library Essay Example for Free

ICT Changing the System of a Video Library Essay Identify section The current system is a hand written and hand handled by Mr Roberts. It is a paper database where all details of the members, transaction and return details are stored. Mr Roberts currently operates all the system by himself and he does this to keep a record of all the bookings out of the videos, he does this by pen. He finds the page in the book allocated to the member, writes when the person needs to bring it back in, takes the payment then gives the video to the member. When a new member joins Mr Roberts takes all the details down in his book, then gives the new member a member number. Mr Roberts has to check every night for overdue videos. When a members page is full, then Mr Roberts has to get a new page, this just adds to the ever-growing file of Mr Roberts. There are lots of problems with the system, it is very slow, it would wear down with over use, he cannot cope with the growing number of customers, He has to check every night to see which videos are overdue and hand type each letter and send them off the same night. This would be increasingly difficult when lots of members join. Another problem is that the videos all have to be numbered and when a video is taken out a card is put in the original case giving the video number and return date. The new system would have to display all the details of the members on one screen and show when last rental and return was. It should be able to show all overdue videos on one screen. It should be very fast and speed up all aspects of the shop. If the database is faster and easier to manage then the number of members will increase and therefore so will the profit. Jonny Sharpe Possible solutions Mr Roberts could solve all his problems by using a filing cabinet. This would solve all his problems with information handling. The advantages of this would be that a filing cabinet is easier to cope than a filing book, the disadvantages are that it is still based on paper and they could easily be damaged or lost. Another problem is that it is still time consuming and would not be any faster, if anything slower than before. Another way to cope with this problem is putting all the files onto a computer. The computer would store all the information easily. The advantages of this are that it would significantly improve the speed and ease of running the video shop. The disadvantages are that it may cost a lot of money and all staff may not be trained in how to use a computer A computer program could be writ but expertise would be needed for this and this expertise I do not have. The next best alternative is that you could use a already existing program such as Microsoft Access. The information would be stored on multiple spread sheets, the information would consist of all the members details and the video details as well. These would be good because they can handle lots of multiplications and can search through information Mark foster System Choice Microsoft office xp professional edition. Pcworld: à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½519 Inc vat Any computer could be chosen as long as it has Microsoft access and a printer for printing reports. Software Justification Justify choice of software: Word: The program needs to handle numbers but word is very good at typing letters. Excel: This program would be ok for the video shop but there would have to be 1 sheet for the videos and 1 sheet for the members details. This program would not be able to type letters up and print the letters off. Access: This program is excellent, this is because you can merge the video details and the members details together to give records of loans. This program can also produce reports in letter form and print them off. Data needed 1. This database is for the videos, it should show the number code, name. 2. Members details should be shown on this page, name, address, membership number, telephone number, current video rented and the date it is due back. Design section This shows that I have made two tables to store information, one for the members details and one for the video details. I have entered 50 videos and 5o members into the tables. I have designed the system to alert me when there are overdue videos and to be able to book out videos and book in videos with ease. I linked the two together by making a link between the membership number and the video number as shown below. These next pictures are of my queries. They are update queries which update booking in and booking out of videos. They are linked between the two tables and display the videos booked out and the membership number of the person along with some details. This is my form design. The form is for a member to fill in to automatically add his details to the members table. This is my report. This is basically to inform members that they are in possession of a overdue video and they need to return it. Members have their own membership no and each video has its own video number. This way members and videos dont get mixed up. This is an application form for the video shop, members are asked to fill out basic details. Analysis 1) What do I need from my database. I want it to store information about my members, including their name, address, telephone number, membership number, date of birth. Also in each members record will be stored the video they have rented (its code, not its title to speed things up) and also the date it is due back. Customers can only rent one video per day and it must be returned the next day. I also want the database to store information about the videos, including its code, title, price, certificate and category, eg horror, action, comedy etc. I want a system that will let me book videos in and out very quickly, just by entering the members number and the video code. I also want a system to check which videos havent been returned and create a letter that could be sent out if it hasnt been returned after 1 week. Sometimes people forget they have it so this should be a polite reminder. If they havent returned it after 2 days, then I usually phone them, so I would need it to produce a list of names and telephone numbers. I will answer the other questions at a later time as there are customers in the shop. Regards. Mr Roberts 2) To collect data from new members I have a form that they fill out. They write on it their name, address, tel. number, and date of birth. I write their new membership number on it. 3) Each member has a membership number. It is a four-digit number, starting at 1000. 4) I dont use credit card details as there is too much security needed. 5) For new members I need two forms of identification, one with their name and address, i.e. a bank statement or gas bill for example and one with their photo on, i.e. theirs drivers licence or passport. 6) I havent got a password system. If you think I should have one let me know how you think it would work. The problem is that customers would have to tell me their password and other customers could overhear it so it wouldnt be that secure. Evaluation I think the final product meets the standards set by Mr. Roberts. The only mistakes I have made is that I have given the example members, membership numbers starting at 200 and they are only 3 digit. The final product can do everything specified in the design requirements made by Mr. Roberts. The opinions of the users would be on the questionnaire I made. The only improvements that could be made to my database is that I could maybe produce an automatic report displaying all the information of the member on a report whos video is late, instead of just having a basic template.

Success of a Family: Aspirations & Motives of the Younger Family in Lo

Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun revolves around a short but difficult period in the lives of the Younger family. Each family member has dreams of a higher quality of life; free from the pressures of poverty and the literal confines of an outgrown and decrepit apartment. Ultimately, the ambitions of each Younger are inspired by dreams of a better life for the family as a whole. Though each Younger approaches this goal differently, they each desire to rise above their current position in the â€Å"rat trap† of society into a better, more respectable, life (964). Each Younger is chasing an ambiguous notion of success and believes that they will bring an end to the family’s hardships; consequentially leading to prosperity and, of chief importance to the Youngers, the rebirth of the families relationships and pride. Walter Lee Younger aspires to obtain wealth and fortune through entrepreneurism and business savvy. Walter’s belief that money is life drives his desire to become a powerful business person and fuels his belief that the family’s problems could all be solved with enough money (980). Unfortunately, Walter’s lack of experience, demonstrated by his belief that â€Å"don't nothing happen for you in this world ‘less you pay somebody off!†, continually hinders his success in life (957). Despite his shortcomings, Walter is persistent in his belief that he can succeed as a entrepreneur, eventually resulting in the loss of the family’s insurance money to Willie Harris. Walter’s belief that money is the solution results in him taking an unreasonable risk. Though these risks result in harm coming to his family they were undertaken in a desperate attempt to improve their lives. Walter’s actions are also significantly motivated by hi... ...ay own, as well as reasserting their pride as a family and establishing themselves in a higher socioeconomic bracket. Though the hardships will undoubtably continue, working together the Youngers will succeed. Works Cited Ardolino, Frank. "Hansberry's â€Å"A Raisin In The Sun†." Explicator 63.3 (2005): 181-183. OmniFile Full Text Select (H.W. Wilson). Web. 23 Mar. 2012. Cooper, David D. "Hansberry's A Raisin In The Sun." Explicator 52.1 (1993): 59-61. Academic Search Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012. Hansberry, Lorraine. â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun.† The Norton Introduction to Literature Potable Tenth Edition. Ed. Alison Booth and Kelly J. Mays. New York, NY: Norton, 2011. 950-1021. Print. Matthews, Kristin L. "The Politics Of 'Home' In Lorraine Hansberry's A Raisin In The Sun." Modern Drama 51.4 (2008): 556-578. MLA International Bibliography. Web. 22 Mar. 2012.

Modern Family Essay

Family is an essential part of every person’s life and of our society. Family is a little world with its own values and priorities. Close families share dreams, ideas, hopes and even possessions, and it’s a good side of being a family. However, as usual, every good thing can have its drawbacks. Same with families: they can often have different types of problems. One of the most frequent and common problems is the misunderstanding between parents and children, due to the difference of generations. This problem is especially acute with teenagers, who want to have more freedom, to express their self-identity in a way they want to. They can also gradually develop different values and interests which conflict with those of their parents. During this complicated periods, parents should rather try to understand their children, find the right approach to them, or find the ways to solve the conflicts. It’s important to talk about the family problems openly to solve them. There are also many problems in modern young families, which might be based on misunderstanding, shortage of money, bad conditions of living and else. Family conflicts often occur because of change of interests. To solve such kind of problems families should try to spend more time together. Another variety of problems occurs in extended families, between brothers and sisters. They often quarrel or treat each other badly. They can also get jealous about parents’ attention. From one hand, nobody wants to share and many people prefer they had more privacy and freedom. From the other hand, life without siblings would be boring. There are many other problems which can take place in any family, but when regarded with love, respect and understanding, every problem can be solved.

Vietnamese And American Educational Systems Essay

Entering Tran Phu high school, I remember there was a huge white banner with bold letters, â€Å"For the sake of ten years, we must plant trees; for the sake of a hundred years, we should cultivate people.† In fact, the process of â€Å"cultivating people† requires lots of effort as much as planting a tree. To ensure a tree develops successfully, not only do people plant it into the ground, but they must also take care of it regularly. Undoubtedly, playing an integral role in contributing to people’s success, education shares the same task as planting a tree. Fortunately, having a chance to be exposed to Vietnamese and American educational systems, I have realized each one has its own value of educating people. Although both attempt to cultivate people, they have striking differences. One difference between Vietnamese and American education is their rules on students’ appearances and their behaviors. First of all, most Vietnamese students must wear uniforms and show up in natural looking appearance. Specifically, students must wear white shirts and long dark-blue pants and tuck in the shirts. Also, girls are not allowed to wear make-up, dye their hairs, or even paint their nails. Boys must have a clean short hair-cut. Secondly, in Vietnam, students must display appropriate manners at school such as showing a fully respectable behavior towards their teachers and not treating their classmates cruelly. For example, students must keep quiet during lectures until teachers allow them toShow MoreRelatedThe Between Vietnamese And American Education Essay1430 Words   |  6 Pagescontributing to people’s success. Fortunately, having a chance to experience with Vietnamese and American educational systems, I have realized each one has its own value of educatin g people. Although both attempt to cultivate people, they have striking differences. One difference between Vietnamese and American education is their rules regarding students’ appearances and their behaviors. First of all, most Vietnamese students must wear uniforms and show up in a natural looking appearance. SpecificallyRead MoreComparing Vietnam And The United States1149 Words   |  5 Pagesdeveloped in many fields (economy, religions, educational system..), Vietnam is still in transition process. They are located on two different continents; they have so much difference on religious, languages, and practices although those distinctions are seemed to get more narrow than before. People are trying to adopt the different culture, as they still the keep their traditional practices of their own culture. Wedding life, food, and the educational system are the typical things, which have the similaritiesRead MoreVietnamese Immigration Essay795 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿6/25/12 Paper One Vietnamese Immigration Supposedly, the history of Vietnamese immigration to the United States is â€Å"relatively recent.† (Povell) Prior to 1975, most Vietnamese residing in the US were wives and children to American servicemen in Vietnam. In 1975, the ‘Fall of the Saigon’ marked the end of the Vietnam War, which prompted the first of two main waves of Vietnamese emigration towards the US. The first wave included Vietnamese who had helped the US in the war and â€Å"feared reprisalsRead MoreThe Vietnamese Refugees Faced Different Issues During Their Escape From Their Homeland Essay1691 Words   |  7 PagesOn the other hand, the Vietnamese refugees faced different issues during their escape from their homeland. A staggering statistic states, â€Å"It is estimated that half of the boat people were drowned at sea or killed during their journey to find freedom† (Cao 6). Moreover, it states that, while fleeing Vietnam by boat, there were cases of robbery and of pirate raids. Based on Uong experience, fleeing into America was not an easy journey. â€Å"Those who escaped death by drowning had to endure multiple robberiesRead MoreTraumatic Experiences And Depression Among Vietnamese Americans921 Words   |  4 Pagesmain concern have been voiced about consequences of the war and their experiences on their mental health. There haven’t been any studies that examined the complex relationships between psychological traumatic experiences and depression among Vietnamese Americans. Studies on the mental health status of people after traumatic experiences in war, Nazi concentration camps, and natural disasters found that traumatic social and natural events are related to various forms of psychological problems among theRead MoreShould Vietnamese Overseas Students Come Home Or Not?1649 Words   |  7 PagesShould Vietnamese overseas students come home or not? There is a very famous quiz show in Vietnam called â€Å"Road to Olympia†, which was first aired in 1999 and is organized once a year to find the best high school students in the country to receive scholarships granted by Swinburne University of Technology to study abroad in Australia. Only one of the 16 students who were awarded scholarships to study abroad had returned back home to Vietnam to work after graduation. Statistics on educational websiteRead MoreAmerica has long been known to be the land of opportunity. In 2010 that included 7.2 million800 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica has long been known to be the land of opportunity. In 2010 that included 7.2 million people of Asian descent (Department of Labor, 2010) who moved to America to make a living for themselves and their family. Among these moving to American are the people of Vietnam. Always remembered for the violent Vietnam war, Vietnam was once called home to many of these immigrants who have come to the United States in hopes of a better life However, finding employment can often be a challenge for theseRead MoreThe Immigrant Advantage : What Rest Of America Can Learn From The Fresh Immigrants1644 Words   |  7 Pagesdiversity they introduce to America. She argues that it is meaningless to fuss over their exploding population when they are in essence present legally and are part and parcel of the American nation, but instead more attention should be directed to their diverse skills and practices. In her experiments she discovers the Vietnamese tradition called a ‘hui’, a form of money-club that provides a social incentive for saving money as well as an alternative to costly loans, a practice she later on attempted withRead MoreThe Chef Menteur Landfill2937 Words   |  12 Pages The Village of Versailles is one such community, however, the Vietnamese-American community that populates the village has a history of being ignored and marginalized from decisions impacting their home, particularly with regards to the opening of the Chef Menteur landfill. This paper takes a look at the historical context of the Chef Menteur landfill to better understand the major stakeholders including the Vietnamese-American community, the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality andRead MoreCultural Diversity and Awareness in the American Healthcare System1397 Words   |  6 Pages The healthcare system within America reflects increasing numbers of cultural diversity and awareness. According to Holloway (2004), cultural awareness is defined as the deliberate, cognitive process by which health care providers become appreciative of and sensitive to the values, beliefs, practices, and problem solving strategies of the clients’ cultures. Cultural awareness include an examination of one’s personal biases. In order to understand cultural diversity, individuals must strive to acknowledge

Rising Tuition Prices - 1384 Words

Introduction Today, more jobs require more than a high school diploma. In order to get a good paying job, a college degree is required. More people are attending college in order to get better paying jobs, but is going to college worth a good job with rising tuitions across the nation? According to College Board, from 2002-2003 to 2012-2013, the average tuition and fees for a private institution rose about an average of 2.4% every year. As tuition prices increases every year, it affects millions of college students. It affects college students who have to use government aid to assist paying for college. I conducted a survey to test how students feel about rising tuition prices. As a college student who is attending a public university with†¦show more content†¦Another article that was related to my project was from the New York Times. Lewin (2013) found that as the price of tuition increases every year, the amount of state and federal aid offered to students is declining. Students that are struggling to pay the tuition at school can expect to receive declining help from state and federal government, which makes the struggle to pay tuition even more difficult for students that cannot afford to pay their tuition. Methodology After I created my survey, I handed it to three people that I previously interviewed about rising tuition prices and how it affects them. I also administered my survey to two of my neighbors inside of my apartment. I knew that they were college students and I wanted to get their opinion about rising tuition prices. The rest of my survey was administered to various students at The City College of New York in New York City. This is the college I attend and wanted to get other college students perspectives about rising tuition prices. I measured the number of students that attends either a public or private school by asking them what kind of school they attend. Students who attend a private school sometimes pay a higher tuition than students who attend a public school. I also asked the amount they pay for their tuition each month so I can know how much they pay for tuition every year. The next question that I asked the students was if they receiveShow MoreRelatedEssay On Rising Tuition Prices1241 Words   |  5 PagesGraduates: Sky High Tuition Prices College is a huge part of growing up. Teenagers are finally â€Å"adults;† they eventually move away from home and have their own undertakings. It is a great achievement to have received a diploma. However, this is being hindered by rising tuition prices. Unfortunately, this is the case for thousands of teens across the United States. Students are constantly trying to overcome the inflated tuition prices, but it is simply not working. The inflated cost of tuition is leaving studentsRead More Rising Tuition Prices Essay2189 Words   |  9 PagesRising Tuition Prices The skyrocketing price of college tuition is causing a tremendous concern over whether higher education will be a viable financial concept to the average citizen over the next decades. Some families have opted to explore different means of obtaining a higher education for their children as these costs escalate. There is overwhelming evidence that colleges need to restructure the way they are run because tuition prices are increasing at a rapid rate causing changes in theRead MoreCollege Tuition1075 Words   |  5 Pagesthem through correct documentation.† Student Loans Today college tuition prices are rising. Paying for college can often be a stressful responsibility. A college education is very important for many students, but when stressing on how to pay for college gets in the way, it becomes more of a burden. Kim Clark effectively states the rising prices of college tuition in her article, â€Å"The Surprising Causes of Those College Tuition Hikes.† Clark states that the cost of attending a public universityRead MoreDriving The Cost Of Higher Education1063 Words   |  5 Pagesthe correct step for young people to follow after high school is college. We are constantly told that if we wish to be successful, then we must get a degree. However, with the rising costs, it’s seeming like fewer people are willing or able to take the next step into higher education. Cries about the sheer insanity of the rising costs blur into a cacophony of anger and frustration. The discussion of whether it’s even worth the cost have also begun b ecoming popular, though this is its own discussionRead MorePresident John F. Kennedy1232 Words   |  5 Pagesdissemination of truth. The yearning for higher education has come to a roadblock with the rising prices of college. The average American income cannot keep pace with rising college prices because colleges and universities are building up their schools, creating debt, and putting the burden on their students by raising tuition prices. The average American income cannot keep pace with rising college prices. During Clinton’s presidency, the nation experienced a flourishing economy. Millions ofRead MoreRising College Tuition in America661 Words   |  3 PagesRising College Tuition in America â€Å"College Prices Soar Again!† â€Å"Budget Cuts Cause Even Higher Tuition!† â€Å"Higher Education Now Even Less Affordable† These are all statements that have been seen all over the media: newspapers, magazines, television, and radio. (3 SV: SV) Rising college tuition in America has been a problem for years. Many students drop out after a single year due to the pricey costs of tuition. The rapid rise can be attributed to many aspects of the economy, not just a single sourceRead MorePrice of College Education1473 Words   |  6 Pagescollege has become increasingly more expensive as time goes on. Many people feel that college is no longer an option financially. Even with financial aid and scholarships, the cost of a college education can still be very taxing. This is due to massive price increase across the boards, but the main issue on most people’s minds is the debt that will be acquired from higher education. The debt associated with higher education is one of the biggest factors of deterrence for most people who are interestedRead MoreAn Education Battle: Decreasing Amount of Scholarships1155 Words   |  5 Pagesjob, scholarship, or financial aid to help, it can be tough to pay for your education. Students are lead to lesser jobs and forced to not go to college because they can not afford tuition. A reason why these colleges ask for so much money is because they don’t have the funding to keep them afloat, so they bump up the prices to get in. School systems need more funding for education. Communities and foundations that reinforce scholarships are cutting back on the number of students it funds. AccordingRead MoreCollege Tuition Rising : I m Currently A Sophomore / Junior At Siue Essay1269 Words   |  6 PagesTaiAnn Williams Adam Cleary Eng 102 11.16.2015 College Tuition Rising I’m currently a sophomore/junior at SIUE and there’s thing that I just don’t understand why we take unnecessary classes or all this fees are a part of our tuition. Now my school is the lost in the state and schools like University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana or Illinois State University there tuition is sky high and these are people choices of where people want to share their college experiences at but how when they can’tRead MoreThe Benefits Of College Tuition1285 Words   |  6 Pagesneeding a master’s degree to get a better job. College tuition has been increasing at a steady rate. Many students are finding themselves not having equal opportunity to attend college due the high tuition cost. A large number of students that do attend find themselves with a huge amount of student loans to pay. Colleges have raised their tuition greatly, created unequal opportunity and create loans that take years to pay back. The tuition for college has skyrocketed. â€Å"For the past quarter-century

Week 4 Leadership Model - 1420 Words

LEADERSHIP MODELS University of Phoenix Information Systems Strategy and Leadership LDR 712 Student February 27, 2006 Abstract According to Horner (1997), In some cases, leadership has been described as a process, but most theories and research on leadership look at a person to gain understanding. According to Wren (2004), People found advantages to forming and working together in groups. (p. 6). Classical Leadership started approximately the early 1800 s around the time of the Industrial revolution. The Modernism Era was a new step forward in the studies of management. This model deals with the flexibility in the management. Introduction According to Horner (1997), In some cases, leadership has been†¦show more content†¦The Industrial Revolution brought more to light as now the employees were now working with better resources and automated functionality. Taylor s studies measured certain employees productivity and implement changes that could increase productivity. Modernism Leadership Model The Modernism Era was a new step forward in the studies of management. Management started to look into the behavioral sciences to see how they could better manage their employees. According to Wren (2004), The Hawthorne studies were the start of the social era (p. 279). While doing the studies, there was notice that the physical environment did not matter to the employees productivity, productivity remained unchanged. They did continue the studies and found that the employees reacted to the psychological environment. Robbins (2001) wrote, Mintzberg (1973) concluded that managers perform 10 different, highly interrelated roles, or sets of behaviors attributable to their jobs. These 10 roles are primarily concerned with interpersonal relationships, the transfer of information, and decision-making. 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In 1989 I was employed by a retail bank and enrolled into an accelerated management training program, the purpose of which was to fast track my progress to management within 4 years, as opposed to the 15 years typicallyRead MoreThe Skill Based Model Of Mumford s Group1667 Words   |  7 Pagesbelieves that the path to strong leadership can be learned over time (citation needed, text pg 47 p3). This approach recognizes that people are capable of learning from their past experiences. This approach focuses on â€Å"education and experience† as a means to develop â€Å"leadership capabilities† rather than the behavioral patterns of leaders. M.D. Mumford posits that â€Å"the skill-based model of Mumford’s group has five components: competencies, individual attributes, leadership outcomes, career experiencesRead MoreOrganizational Behavior1284 Words   |  6 PagesBachelor of Business Administration (Hons) Course Title : Organizational Behavior Course Code : BUS 250 Year of Study : 2 Number of Credits : 3 credits Duration in Weeks : 12 weeks Contact Hours Per Week : 3 hours Pre-requisite Course(s) : BUS 120 Principles and Practice of Management Course Aims The course provides students with a conceptual and a pragmatic approach to understand the employees’ behavior in the organization. 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The managers are highly skilled, but skeptical of the value of the seminar. After the third week, Jim begins to notice problems. Attendance has dropped and the attendees are frequently late orRead MoreEssay about Oi Week 31155 Words   |  5 Pages08/01 Reading Read Ch. 11 of Managing Innovation, Design and Creativity. 08/01 Reading Read Ch. 15 of Managing Innovation, Design and Creativity. 08/01 Reading Read Ch. 24 of Managing Innovation, Design and Creativity. 08/01 08/01 4 08/01 5 Week Three: Creativity for Innovative Decision Making Details Due Points Reading Read Ch. 1 of Creative Intelligence. 08/08 Reading Read Ch. 2 of Creative Intelligence. 08/08 Reading Read the Preface of The Power of Impossible Thinking.Read MoreCreativity and Read Ch.1447 Words   |  6 PagesWeek One: Introduction to Innovation, Design, and Creativity Details Due Points Objectives 1.1 Compare and contrast innovation, design, and creativity. 1.2 Analyze the benefits of innovation, design, and creative thinking in meeting organizational objectives. 1.3 Identify the internal and external drivers of innovation. 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The History of the World in Six Glasses free essay sample

A History of the World in 6 Glasses (Questions/Answers) Spirits 1) From which advanced civilization did Europeans get the science of how to make spirits? A) The Arabs, who first started distilling wine and other substances for their experiments. 2) In what ways was the discovery and use of distillation important to the rebirth of science in Europe? A) Distillation and distilled wine were considered a therapeutic and medicinal miracle. It went hand in hand with the infant science of perfume making and helped the rebirth of science in Europe by introducing new chemistry principals and by translating texts into many different languages. Ancient texts from Greece, India, and Persia were all centralized and translated in to Arabic, and as the technology of distillation spread, those texts were translated to Latin, which could be read by educated people throughout Europe. 3) How did spirits advance/accelerate colonialism? A) Spirits were easily transported on ships because they were much more durable and less likely to spoil then wine. We will write a custom essay sample on The History of the World in Six Glasses or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Spirits soon became a sort of currency among slave traders, who basically turned the Africans who provided the slaves into alcoholics, then used spirits to barter for the slave labor they needed to run the huge limitations in the colonies. ) In the 18th century, how did spirits help Britain have a more superior Ana than France? A) Sailors in the 18th century faced many dangers, but probably the most common was a disease called scurvy, which comes from a lack of vitamin C, commonly found in citrus. Because citrus spoils easily on long voyages, it was impractical for ships to carry large amounts of the fruit onboard. In 1655, rum was substituted in the place of beer on Royal Navy ships, and it quickly became the preferred drink throughout the Navy. To decrease cases of intoxication, it was ordered that rum be mixed with two pints of water, which, more importantly, was mixed with sugar and lime Juice. When the inclusion of lime Juice became mandatory in 1795, the incidence of scurvy dropped dramatically, making the British crews overall much healthier. The French however gave their sailors wine, which was replaced on long voyages with AAU-De-vie, which has no vitamin C. The result was a lowered resistance to scurvy, Just as the British resistance was increasing. 5) How did spirits help build America? A) Rum, a spirit that was developed in the New World, became immensely popular in the colonies. Made of sugar by-product, something plentiful throughout the plantations of the Caribbean, it was cheaper and stronger then the European made wine and beer, which was known to spoil on the long trip across the Atlantic. The drink soon became especially popular in New England, where they decided to start producing it themselves instead of importing it. This first step towards self- statement made a lot of people realize that they didnt have to depend on England, that they could produce everything they needed, themselves. ) What were the negative effects/uses of spirits? A) There were many negative uses of spirits during that time. Spirits were much stronger and had a higher alcohol content then the traditional wine and beer that such as taverns, exploited spirits. The result was wide spread intoxication, as well as an increase in violence. People who drink an excess of Rum become violent, a nd with rum so widely available for people of every class it meant that the amount of alcohol related incidents of aggression went up. Spirits also played a negative role in the slave trade. They became the main currency throughout the slave trading process, where European traders introduced the beverage to African slave traders in order to build a dependence on their product. As a result, with the more spirits produced, more slaves were bought, and more sugar cane by-product was produced, increasing the production of drinks such as rum. Rum was also used to make slave subordinate. They were given rations of rum that effectively turned them into alcoholics, completely at the mercy of those who supplied the spirits. Coffee 1) Who did the Europeans get coffee from and how did it spread to Europe? A) Coffee originated in Yemen, Arabia where it was viewed as a religious beverage. Over time it spread to Mecca and Cairo, where it became a recreational drink to be drunk in a social manner in large coffee houses. It also became a popular substitute for alcohol, which was banned under Islam. Europeans traveling in the Middle East came upon coffee and coffeehouses and commented on their popularity. But it wasnt until 1652, when an Armenian servant named Passes Rose opened the first coffee house in London, that coffee transformed from a little known novelty into a wide spread phenomenon. When, in 1658, Cromwell died and public opinion swung in the favor of a new monarchy, coffee houses became central in political debates and commercial business. The trend quickly caught on and coffee houses became fashionable throughout Europe. ) Why was it so important to Rupees development that many peoples beverage of choice switched from alcohol to coffee? A) Unlike alcohols intoxicating effect, which made people sleepy and dulled their minds, coffee woke people up and made scientists, clerks, merchants and other businessmen more alert throughout the long workday. Coffeehouses also became places for people to exchange and listen to new ideas and theories in areas such as natural history, chemistry, and physics. They became know as places where people could learn about new things and higher thinking. As a result a new age of self education, available to anyone, even if they didnt have the meaner to attend university or other academic pursuits. This widespread boom in learning meant that new ideas were tested faster, results were passed on quicker, and new minds from all levels of society began to weigh in. ) Describe coffees effect on the global balance of power in terms of commerce. A) Coffee has made many countries and their colonies very key players in the world of commerce. For many years coffee production was limited to the Arabian Peninsula and for obvious reasons, as the drinks popularity grew in Europe, the Arabs protected this monopoly zealously. That, along with the spice trade centered there, meant that the Arabian Peninsula was a do minant player in global commerce. But that changed when Dutch sailors managed to procure cuttings from the coffee plant and cultivate them in greenhouses. Large plantations were set up in Dutch colonies, and they soon dominated the coffee trade by producing and exporting coffee much more cheaply then the Arabs could. The French were the next to benefit from the coffee phenomenon, when in 1723 a French sailor by the name of Gabriel He stole a cutting from the royal tree and made off for Martinique. There, cuttings ere spread throughout the region. Eventually Brazil became the worlds largest supplier and the Arabian Peninsula faded into obscurity. 4) How did coffee play a pivotal role in the scientific revolution? A) Coffeehouses became the centers of academic discussion throughout Europe. One of the most popular topics was natural philosophy or science. Coffee promoted the exchange of ideas between both students and scientists and ideas floated between many different fields, all while in a relaxing and refreshing environment. Theories could be passed on and discussed over time since many people frequented only one coffeehouse. Scientific debate in coffeehouses became so mainstream at the time that Britains Royal Society, the main scientific institute at the time, favored them as the main place to exchange and try out ideas. Wren, Hook and Halley, three members, discussed the theory of gravity, which progressed to whether or not elliptical shapes of planetary orbits were consistent with gravitational force that diminished with the inverse square of distance. A few months later when Wren met Isaac Newton in Cambridge, he asked the famous scientist the very same question they had debated. Newton said that yes, n inverse-square law of gravity would give rise to elliptical orbits, but he had no proof. That same year, Newton, having become determine to prove this theory, sent Halley a paper with the proof he had discovered. Halley went on to publish Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. If it were not for coffeehouses, Wren, Hook and Halley may never have discussed this topic, leading to one of the most important scientific discoveries. 5) How did coffee play a pivotal role in what is known as the financial revolution? A) Before there were organized stock and insurance arrest, businessmen would commonly meet in coffeehouses to discuss these affairs. For example, if you could get insurance from someone at the coffeehouse, you could also get a loan, thus providing yourself with the meaner to start a business. However such ways of doing business were ineffective and unrecognized. There was no reliable way to ensure that debts were paid and information could be unreliable. This lead to the first central financial centers, which were the predecessors to todays modern London Stock Exchange. 6) How did coffee play a pivotal role in the French Revolution? A) The French revolution literally started in a coffee shop. It was in the Cafe © De Boy that, on July 12 1789, Camille Despoiling Jumped on to a table outside, brandished a pistol and called his fellow citizens to arms. The king had dismissed the one member of government the people trusted and they were fearful that the military would come and begin killing those in the crowd that had gathered in the gardens of the Appall Royal. Because of this unrest, Dissensions cry was taken up and Paris descended into the chaos of revolution. Coffee also played a large part before hand. The Enlightenment was a cultural movement of intellectuals wanting to reform society using reason and science. Such people, most notably those such as Voltaire, Nonentities and Rousseau, were known to spend much of their time at coffee shops. There the rural poor and the slightly wealthier members of the bourgeoisie mingled and the contrast between new ideas about how the world could be and how it was now became painfully apparent. It was these radical new ideas, coupled with the resentment towards the ancient regime, which provided the fuel which 1) If the sun never set on the British Empire, then it was always [blank] somewhere? A) If the sun never set on the British Empire, then it was always perpetually teatime nowhere. 2. What were the health benefits of tea? How would this beverage help human development? A) Tea supposedly, quenches the thirst, lessens the desire for sleep, and gladdens and cheers the heart. Rubbing leaves on wounds helps them heal due to the antiseptic properties of tannic acid naturally found in tea, which also helped decrease waterborne illnesses such as typhoid, cholera, and dysentery by killing the bacteria that caused them. This expanded the average lifespan and lowered the rate of infant mortality. 3. Which conquering people established the largest connected land empire in history? A) The largest connected land empire in history, stretching from Hungary to Korea to Vietnam. The Mongols, specifically Genesis Khan and his sons established it. 4) When Europeans first reached China, describe the relationship between the groups. A) The relationship between the Europeans and China was one of distrust and condescension. The Chinese viewed the Europeans as barbarians, to be kept at an arms length and not encouraged. The Chinese thought that their country was the best and since they had the best technology at the time, they thought the Europeans were there to imitate them and Hough that free trade would have a corrupting influence. As a result only the Portuguese could directly trade with China and even then the trade was limited to porcelain and silk. Unfortunately the Europeans had nothing of value to offer the Chinese other then gold and silver, due to the fact that China was leaps and bounds ahead of the Europeans in almost every field. China was also completely self sufficient, unlike Europe who had a strong reliance on foreign goods. As a result the Chinese had very little motivation to open its doors to foreign trade. 5. The consumption of tea skyrocketed in England during the [blank] century? A) During the end of the eighteenth century tea consumption skyrocketed in England. 6. What rights and powers did the British East India Company acquire that made it the most powerful corporation ever? A) The most important part of the East India Company was its monopoly on imports from the East Indies to England. They also received royal favor as a result of gift of fine tea to King Charles, which lead to many privileges such as the rights maintain an army, issue currency, declare war, form alliances, make peace and dispense Justice. These privileges and the monopoly, in addition to he skillful way the company fostered, profited, and expanded the tea trade made it the most powerful corporation ever. 7) Direct British trade with [blank] in the early 18th century allowed the prices to fall so much that everyone could afford tea. A) Direct British trade with China in the early 18th century allowed the prices to fall so much that everyone could afford tea. 8) Britain had complete domination over trade in the East when it defeated its main rival, the [blank] in the commercial wars of the 18th century. A) Britain had complete domination over trade in the East when it fatted its main rival, Portuguese in the in the commercial wars of the 18th century. 10) As Adam Smiths theory of [blank] trade gained popularity in Britain, Parliament ended the East India Companys monopoly of trade in Asia. A) As Adam Smiths theory of free trade gained popularity in Britain, Parliament ended the East India Companys monopoly of trade in Asia. 1) Describe the Opium Wars, its impact, and teas role in 1842 and from 1856 to 1870,respectively, were fought over the trade and diplomatic relations between China and the British Empire, mostly centering around the trade of tea between the two nations. When these wars finally ended, a new market had been born. Finally, China would start trading tea more openly, allowing several cultural and economical changes on both sides. Tea became more readily available, thus the price dropped, allowing it to become more accessible to the working class, fueling the tea craze . China became more modern and westernizes as a result of more frequent contact with Europe and Europeans. 12) Describe how tea changed history in America, China and India. Give LOTS of information here. A) Tea was a staple import of the United Kingdom, which used to have possession of the 13 colonies of America, s well as colonies in India and Hong Kong. These three countries maintained a strong trade network with the United Kingdom. At first, China was the worlds tea supplier, until the British became suspicious of the Chinese holding monopoly over tea exports. Because the colonies in India were easily controlled at the time, Britain formulated a plan to introduce tea to the region. They decided to start the British East India Company, granting them East India as a second supplier. It was the Tea Act of 1773 that infuriated the colonists and caused the Tea Party, fueling the flames of revolution and later, independence. India became more developed as the result of increased interest in the area and like previously mentioned, tea opened China up to the rest of the world, leading to its modernization. The demand for tea also started or participated in many global processes, including silk routes, the spread of Buddhism and Taoism, the industrial revolution, the Rise of West argument, imperialism, and new technologies. Railroads and steamships were being invented and built, easing the importing and exporting of tea and reducing tea costs. Coca-Cola 1 . What was so special about the American production method? A) Coca-Cola prepared manufacturing from assembly, meaning that Coca-Cola could be mass- produced, allowing American consumers to buy as much as they wanted. 2. By 1900, what global economic shift had occurred? It comes in a designer bottle from a mountain spring in Fiji, though, in fact, more than half the people in Fiji do not have reliable drinking water. While were indulging ourselves with bottled water from what is actually a well near a chemical waste facility, one out of six people in the world have no dependable, safe drinking water. All of this suggests about modern society that people are more interested in the luxurious convenience of bottled water, rather then turning to a ore environmentally friendly, though perhaps less fancy, tap water. Studies proving that tap water is Just as safe as bottled water as well as being better for the environment and humanity are being swiftly ignored. 3) How many people have no access to safe water today? A) One in six people, or about 768 million people have no access to safe water and 2. 5 billion people live without proper sanitation. 4) How has access to water affected international relations? A) For centuries war and conflict has been tied to protecting water resources. Water has become a major cause of disputes in the Middle East and in North Africa.